kunhabdt



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. D. KUNHARDT. TELEGRAPHY Patented Sept. 1,18111.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

D. KUNHARDT.

(No Model.)

TELEGRAPHY.

Patented Sept. 1,1891.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID KUNI-IARDT, OF AACHEN, GERMANY.

TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 458,585, datedSeptember 1, 1891.

Application filed March 26, 1891. Serial No. 386|425. (No model.)

T @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be itrknown that I, DAVID KUNHARDT, a subject of the Emperor of Germany,residing," at Aachen, in the Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for theTransmission of Telegraphic Messages by Means of Direct or AlternateElectrical Current-s, of which the followingisaspeciication. Thisinvention relates to an apparatus by means of which signs can betransmitted by direct currents of electricity-that is to say, currentspassing` in the same direction and earth connections-or by alternatecurrents, I5 according to the interpositions of a contact plug, thenecessary relay being switched in after each sign.

'In the accompanying drawings, which are in illustration of theinvention, Figure l is a zo general view of an installation for directand alternate currents. Fig. 2 is a separate view of a modification ofthe double lever illustrated in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a general view showingseparately the installation when the 2 5 transmission is effected bydirect current. Fig. 4 is a general view showing separately theinstallation when the transmission is effected by alternate currents.

In Fig. l the wires and clamps or binding- 3o screws common to botharrangements are shown in thick lines, whereas they are shown in thinlines and the clamps shaded when the apparatus is operated by means ofdirect currents and earth connections. Furthermore, the wires andclamps, as well as the alterna tive position of rest of one of thearmatures of the electro-magnets, are shown in dotted lines foralternate currents, while in order to show more clearly the differentarrangements 4o and circuits according to the two methods these arereproduced separately in Figs. 3 and 4.

Referring to Fig. l, H is a double lever or key having its iulcrum uponthe block K and carrying at one end the contact-piece R', which formswith the contact-piece R2, placed below it, a normal contact, the spiralspring X constantly holding the lever-arm down, while the other end ofthis lever or key is furnished with a knob anda contact T', forming withthe contact T2, placed beneath it, the

contact for telegraphing a sign. The double lever or key H consists oftwo insulated pieces which can be metallically connected together bymeans of the plug or stop S. For operating by meansV of directcurrents-that is to say, currents proceeding in the same direc-- tiontheplug S is interposed, whereby the key H, practically, is made to consistof a single solid piece, as shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 2 shows a modiiication of the construction and arrangement of thekey I-I, as represented in Fig. l. In the arrangement shown in Fig. lthe positive currentof the local battery passes through the spiralspring X and the normal contacts R R2, While the Wire V, leading to theline or distance battery, is connected to the block or support K ot thekey H. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 the current of the localbattery passes through the spiral spring X and the normal contacts R R2,while the wire V, leading D O. the line or distance battery, isconnected to the block or support K ot the key H.

When commencing operations with direct currents, all the binding-screws(designated by roman numerals) are metallically con nected with theseveralpieces C, having corresponding italic numerals. The local batteryB then actuates the electro-magnet O, the current passing from the saidbattery to the spiral spring X, (or through the block K in Figs. 2 and3,) the key H, the normal `contact R R2, the junction ZT, the resistanceU, proceeding round the electro-magnet O and to the junction Z of thenegative current, and the electro-magnet attracts its armature a. Thesign being now transmitted by depressing the key Il, the electro-magnetreleases its armature a', while the normal contact R R2 is opened andthe armature a makes contact with the set-screw or terminal c of themetal piece c. This elastic metal piece which has the form ot' a fiatspring, as shown, is iixed to the pillar n', its outer end resting uponthe rod c2, which limits its moof the screw c', the spring c, is raisedto a sufficient height, but is limited in its movements by the screw G.

l In the position resulting from the release of the armature the circuitis directly contion. The armature a', which raises, by means ICQ 5binding-screws I and G, the wire P, the conductor P the metallic pieceif, (resting upon the armature a2, but insulated therefrom,) thecontact-point e, the block e', the bindingscrew VII and G7, the junctionZ2, the wire j, the junction Z4, and thence to earth at E. When thetelegraphing-contac't T T2 is closed, the electro-magnet M is actuatedbythe local battery B, the current passing through the spiral spring X,(or the block K in Figs. 2 and 3,) the key H, the plug S, Figs. l and 2,the

telegraphing-con tact T T2, the binding-screwsA IV and G4, the junctionZ5 and Z', so that the electro-magnet M attracts its armature a2, whichhas a very short stroke, and the other end of which then presses againstthe contact-point f, whereby the connections hitherto existing betweenthe circuit and the earth by means-of the contact t' e is broken, whilethe circuit from the line-battery B and the wire L is established, thecurrent passing through the junction Z6, the binding-screws GG and VI,the pillar K2, the armature a2, the screw f, and the pillar f, thebinding-screws V and G5, the junction Z2, the line-Wire L, and returningthrough earth E, the junction Z4, and the binding-screws G2 and I. Afterthe telegraphing-contacts T T2 are opened the armature a2 falls backwith its insulated contactpiece?. upon the set-screw e, and therebyestablishes connection to earth, through which the current passes. Thenormal contact R R2 is now closed, whereby the armature a is attractedby the electromagnet O. This attraction of the armature a is retarded bysuitable mechanism and means influencing the action of the current, suchas a further'spring-tension, the movement of a running weight connectedt0 the armature, the interposition of the resisttance U in the localcircuit connected with the electro-magnet O or the like. In this Way thearmature may not fully follow in consequence of the rapid making andbreaking of the normal contact R R2, or the attracting impulses of theelectro-magnet O, so that the contact of the armature a against thesetscrew c remains-that is to say, the discharge-current is continuouslyconnected to earth-the connection being only broken, as above described,when transmitting a sign, and hence making the contact a2 f. It thecontact R R2 remains a little longer in its closed position, thearmature a is fully at tracted by the electro-magnet O, whereby thecontact of the armature ct with the screw c isopened, the connection toearth is broken, and the relay R is inserted. It is therefore left tothe operation of the operator whether he allows this relayto be insertedor notafter each elementary sign, whole letter, or full word. As inpractice the insertion of a relay after each full word fully suffices toprevent the possibility of a break, the operatorl need not look aftereach sign to the complete closure of the normal contact R R2; but thisclosure may be allowed with full security after each complete word. Whentelegraphing by means of alternate currents, Figs. l and t, the plug Sis withdrawn from the key H and all the binding-screws G are connectedwith the binding-screws W. Another battery B2 is connected, as shown inthe general View, with the battery B. When the key l-I is at rest, boththe electro-magnets O and M are actuated as, being parallel, the currentpasses as regards the electro-magnet O through the spiral spring X, thekey H, the contacts R R2, the junction Z7, the resistance U, round theelectro-magnet O to the junction Z', and the negative pole of thebattery B, and as regards the electro-magnet Mthroughthe spiral springX, the key H, the normal` contact R R2, the junction Z7, thebinding-screws III and W2, and the junction Z5 Z. As-the sign istransmitted, the normal contact R R2'is iirst opened, whereupon thearmature a', as above explained, presses against the setscrew c', raisesthe spring c, and strikes the set-screw G. At the same time theelectromagnet M releases its armature a2, which, having a short stroke,allows the contactpiece f to fall upon the screw e. When operating withalternate currents only, the insulated contact t' is not required, thearmature a2 falling directly upon the contact c, the wire P and thebinding-screws W8 and VIII being likewise dispensed with.y When thetelegraphic contact T T2 is closed, acurrent is sent into the circuit,passing from lthe battery B through the junction Z2, the

binding-screw lV and I, the spring @,the set.-

lscrew c', the armature a', the pillar K and -the junction Z2 to theline-wire L, ,and back.

through earth at E, junction Z4, wirej, junction Z2, binding-screws W6VI VIII W2, conducting-Wire P', insulated contact-piece t', set- `screwe, pillar e', binding-screw VIIWV7 IV, ytelegraph-pieces T2 T', wire V,and bindingscrews W2 II. Telegraphic contacts T T2 being now opened, theapparatus remains-inoperative; but the closure of the normal contactsscrew c is not immediately broken bythe `closure of the normal contactsR R2; but the armature a2 is immediately attracted by the IOO IIO

R R2 causes a current to be sent ina contraryA ldirection to that of theformer one from the lbattery B2 into the circuit, while in: conselquenceof the above-described limitation of the mobility ofthe armature a or ofthe attractive capability of the electro-magnet O the ,contact betweenthe armature a and the setmagnet Mv and brought against the contactpointf. A current is thus generated in an opposite direction by the Vpositivepole of the battery B2, this current passing through the wire V, thebinding screws VW and V, the pillar f', contact-point f, armature a2,pillar K2, binding-screws VI and W6, junctions ZS Z4 to earth E,a11dbackthrough the line-wire L,

junction Z2, pillarl K', armature d', set-screw" c', spring c,binding-screws I and W junction Z to the negative pole of the batteryB2. It' further work is carried. on, this negative current isimmediately broken, owing to the separation of the normal contacts R R2and the resulting opening of the contact between the armature a2 and thecontact-point f, while the contact between the armature ct and theset-screw c' is only broken, as above described, when the closure of thecontact R R2 is of somewhat longer duration.

Vhen operating by means ot' alternate cu rrents, an absolutely secureclosure of the normal contact R R2 should be effected after eachelementary sign. NVhen the apparatus remains without working for anylength of time, the current from the local battery can be broken bywithdrawing the plug, while the break occurring at the same time betweenthe circuit, the relay, and the earth,in consequence of the movement ofthe armature a', can be remedied by a suitable insertion of plugsbetween the circuit or line-wire L and the pillar d. The receipt ofsigns is eected in a similar manner in both cases through the circuit L,junction Z2, pillar K armature a', set-screw d, pillar CZ', relay R,junction Z4, and earth E.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature ofthe saidinvention and the manner in which the saine is to be performed, Ideclare that what I claim is- An apparatus for telegraphing either withdirect currents and earth connections or with alternate currents,consisting of a key or lever H, with normal and telegraphingcontactpoints R and T which are either electrically connected togetheror separate from one another and the contact of which with thecontact-pieces R2 or T2 (or the separation there- 4o from) successivelyor simultaneously actuates or puts out of action two electro-magnets Oand M, the armature a2 of the former having a short stroke, while thearmature ce of the latter has a long stroke, for the purpose of makingand breaking contact at different times by the common action of therapid movements of the armature a2 and the retarded movements ot thearmature a, whereby at each sign either a circuit from the apparatus 5oto earth is formed or a current having an opposite direction to that ofthe sign-current is sent into the circuit, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I hereunto sign my name, in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses, this 9th day of March, 1891.

DAVID KUNI-IARDT.

JOHN HEoKMAUNs, TH. WITTNICH.

